Offshore wind farms depend on advanced maritime infrastructure for installation, operation and maintenance – processes that have traditionally been carbon intensive. However, through a focus on electrification, energy efficiency, alternative fuels and resource circularity, robust R&D efforts can help steer the sector towards the critical transition to a low-carbon economy.

While diverting capital into R&D is a necessity, it is important that these resources are channelled effectively. Resource circularity, health and safety are also crucial factors to consider when planning R&D strategies.

Strategic R&D is essential for driving innovation and ensuring that technology keeps pace with industry growth, investor trends and regulatory requirements. By directing R&D efforts towards key areas such as electrification and low-carbon technologies, the maritime sector can chart a course to a more robust and resilient future.

The new study, published in Environmental Research Letters, has found that the ACC is likely to slow down by up to 20% in 2050 if high carbon emissions continue. If the ACC were to weaken, it may allow the migration of warmer water towards Antarctica, which would cause more ice to melt and slow the current even more – creating a vicious cycle.

A slowdown, along with any decline in ACC strength, is expected to reduce the ocean’s ability to absorb heat and carbon from the atmosphere. This has the potential to speed up climate change – both on land and in the ocean.

To prevent such dynamics, the world must focus on reducing greenhouse gas emissions to prevent the ocean absorbing more atmospheric heat that’s ultimately directed towards Antarctica, say the researchers.